Literal Sense
The first sense then for understanding the Bible is
the literal sense. The literal sense of Scripture is the meaning
which the human author directly intended and the author's
words convey.
Criteria to understand the literal sense:
The literary form that the author used is the first aid in
determining what the author meant. If the author wrote poetry
instead of history, then the literary form of poetry assists in
determining the meaning intended by the author. Some other
literary forms of the Bible include history, law, songs, love
stories, stories (parables), etc.
The literary history of the biblical book or of the section of
the Bible that contains the book also aids in determining the
meaning intended by the author. Literary history of a book
includes what is known about the author, his background,
his historical period of Israel's history, etc.