The Catholic Church has, in all ages, understood both

the need for renewal and reformation of Christian

faith and living, and general revival in the Church as a

whole, and

the need to teach the truth when confronted with error.

The Church exercised her teaching authority (under the

guidance of the Holy Spirit) and called the faithful people

entrusted with teaching others together in universal (ecumenical)

council for renewal and reformation, and when truths were

abandoned and error (heresy) was being taught (Titus 1:9).

The truth was expressed and defined; error and false teachers

 condemned (anathema sit, "let them [him, it] be anathema,

condemned, damned").